Pengaruh Recycled Concrete Powder Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Semen Terhadap Kinerja Beton - Structured Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24036/hxwkst96Keywords:
Recycled Concrete Powder, Waste Concrete Powder, Substitusi Semen, Durabilitas Beton, Beton Berkelanjutan, Circular EconomyAbstract
Peningkatan limbah konstruksi dan pembongkaran bangunan mendorong pemanfaatan material daur ulang dalam bidang konstruksi, salah satunya melalui penggunaan Recycled Concrete Powder (RCP) sebagai substitusi sebagian semen pada material berbasis semen. RCP merupakan fraksi halus hasil penghancuran limbah beton yang mengandung pasta semen lama, agregat halus, senyawa aktif terbatas, dan komponen inert. Artikel ini menyajikan tinjauan literatur terstruktur terhadap penelitian yang membahas pengaruh RCP terhadap sifat segar, hidrasi, mikrostruktur, kuat tekan, durabilitas, metode aktivasi, serta dampak lingkungan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa RCP tidak dapat diposisikan setara dengan SCM aktif seperti fly ash atau slag karena reaktivitasnya lebih rendah dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh sumber beton asal, kadar pasta semen lama, kehalusan partikel, dan metode aktivasi. Pada kadar rendah, terutama sekitar 10-20%, RCP berpotensi mempertahankan kinerja material melalui filler effect dan nucleation effect. Namun, pada kadar tinggi, dilution effect, peningkatan kebutuhan air, dan porositas partikel lama dapat menurunkan workability, kuat tekan, dan durabilitas. Metode aktivasi mekanis, termal, kimia, karbonasi, dan sistem alkali-activated dapat meningkatkan nilai guna RCP, tetapi manfaat teknisnya perlu dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan energi, biaya, dan dampak lingkungan. Dengan demikian, RCP berpotensi mendukung circular economy apabila penggunaannya dikontrol melalui karakterisasi awal, pemilihan kadar substitusi yang tepat, dan evaluasi durabilitas jangka panjang.
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